ProblemStat.h

/******************************************************************************
 *
 * AMDiS - Adaptive multidimensional simulations
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2013 Dresden University of Technology. All Rights Reserved.
 * Web: https://fusionforge.zih.tu-dresden.de/projects/amdis
 *
 * Authors: 
 * Simon Vey, Thomas Witkowski, Andreas Naumann, Simon Praetorius, et al.
 *
 * This file is provided AS IS with NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING THE
 * WARRANTY OF DESIGN, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 *
 *
 * This file is part of AMDiS
 *
 * See also license.opensource.txt in the distribution.
 * 
 ******************************************************************************/



/** \file ProblemStat.h */

#ifndef AMDIS_PROBLEM_STAT_H
#define AMDIS_PROBLEM_STAT_H

#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <functional>
#include "AMDiS_fwd.h"
#include "ProblemStatBase.h"
#include "Initfile.h"
#include "Boundary.h"
#include "MatrixVector.h"
#include "StandardProblemIteration.h"
#include "io/ElementFileWriter.h"
#include "ComponentTraverseInfo.h"
#include "AbstractFunction.h"
#include "solver/SolverMatrix.h"
#include "SystemVector.h"

namespace AMDiS {

  struct OperatorPos 
  {
    int row, col;
    double *factor, *estFactor;
  };


  /**
   * \ingroup Problem 
   *
   * \brief
   * This class defines the stationary problem definition in sequential
   * computations. For parallel computations, see \ref ParallelProblemStatBase.
   **/
  class ProblemStatSeq : public ProblemStatBase
  {
  protected:
    // Defines a mapping type from dof indices to world coordinates.
    typedef std::map<DegreeOfFreedom, WorldVector<double> > DofToCoord;

    // Defines a mapping type from dof indices to world coordinates.
    typedef std::map<WorldVector<double>, DegreeOfFreedom> CoordToDof;

  public:
    /// Constructor
    ProblemStatSeq(std::string nameStr,
		   ProblemIterationInterface *problemIteration = NULL);

    /// Destructor
    virtual ~ProblemStatSeq();

    /// Initialisation of the problem.
    virtual void initialize(Flag initFlag,
			    ProblemStatSeq *adoptProblem = NULL,
			    Flag adoptFlag = INIT_NOTHING);

    /// Used in \ref initialize().
    virtual void createMesh();

    /// Used in \ref initialize().
    virtual void createRefCoarseManager();

    /// Used in \ref initialize().
    virtual void createFeSpace(DOFAdmin *admin);

    /// Used in \ref initialize().
    virtual void createMatricesAndVectors();

    /// Used in \ref initialize().
    virtual void createSolver();

    /// Used in \ref initialize().
    virtual void createEstimator();

    /// Used in \ref initialize().
    virtual void createMarker();

    /// Used in \ref initialize().
    virtual void createFileWriter();

    /// Used in \ref initialize(). This function is deprecated and should not 
    /// be used anymore. There is no guarantee that it will work in the future.
    virtual void doOtherStuff();

    /// Implementation of ProblemStatBase::solve(). Deligates the solving
    /// of problems system to \ref solver.
    void solve(AdaptInfo *adaptInfo,
	       bool createMatrixData = true,
	       bool storeMatrixData = false) override;

    /// Implementation of ProblemStatBase::estimate(). Deligates the estimation
    /// to \ref estimator.
    void estimate(AdaptInfo *adaptInfo) override;

    /// Implementation of ProblemStatBase::markElements().
    /// Deligated to \ref adapt.
    Flag markElements(AdaptInfo *adaptInfo) override;

    /// Implementation of ProblemStatBase::refineMesh(). Deligated to the
    /// RefinementManager of \ref adapt.
    Flag refineMesh(AdaptInfo *adaptInfo) override;

    /// Implementation of ProblemStatBase::coarsenMesh(). Deligated to the
    /// CoarseningManager of \ref adapt.
    Flag coarsenMesh(AdaptInfo *adaptInfo) override;

    /// Implementation of ProblemStatBase::buildBeforeRefine().
    /// Does nothing here.
    void buildBeforeRefine(AdaptInfo *adaptInfo, Flag) override {}

    /// Implementation of ProblemStatBase::buildBeforeCoarsen().
    /// Does nothing here.
    void buildBeforeCoarsen(AdaptInfo *adaptInfo, Flag) override {}

    /// Implementation of ProblemStatBase::buildAfterCoarsen().
    /// Assembles \ref A and \ref rhs. With the last two parameters, assembling
    /// can be restricted to matrices or vectors only.
    void buildAfterCoarsen(AdaptInfo *adaptInfo, Flag flag,
				   bool assembleMatrix = true,
				   bool assembleVector = true) override;

    bool dualMeshTraverseRequired();

    void dualAssemble(AdaptInfo *adaptInfo, Flag flag, 
		      bool asmMatrix = true, bool asmVector = true);

    /// Returns nr of components \ref nComponents
    virtual int getNumComponents()
    { 
      return nComponents; 
    }
    
    /// Returns nr of additional components \ref nAddComponents
    virtual int getNumAddComponents()
    {
      return nAddComponents;
    }

    /// Writes output files. TODO: Make obsolete.
    void writeFiles(AdaptInfo *adaptInfo, bool force);

    /// Writes output files.
    void writeFiles(AdaptInfo &adaptInfo, bool force);

    /// Interpolates fct to \ref solution.
    void interpolInitialSolution(std::vector<AbstractFunction<double, WorldVector<double> >*> *fct);

    /// Adds an operator to \ref A.
    void addMatrixOperator(Operator *op, int i, int j,
			   double *factor = NULL, double *estFactor = NULL);

    /// Adds an operator to \ref A.
    void addMatrixOperator(Operator &op, int i, int j,
			   double *factor = NULL, double *estFactor = NULL);

    /// Adds an operator to \ref rhs.
    void addVectorOperator(Operator *op, int i,
			   double *factor = NULL, double *estFactor = NULL);

    /// Adds an operator to \ref rhs.
    void addVectorOperator(Operator &op, int i,
			   double *factor = NULL, double *estFactor = NULL);

    /// Adds a Dirichlet boundary condition, where the rhs is given by an 
    /// abstract function.
    virtual void addDirichletBC(BoundaryType type, int row, int col,
				AbstractFunction<double, WorldVector<double> > *b);
				
				
#if HAS_CXX11
    /// Adds a Dirichlet boundary condition, where the rhs is given by an 
    /// lambda function or a std::function object
    virtual void addDirichletBC(BoundaryType type, int row, int col,
				std::function<double(WorldVector<double>)> b);
#endif

    /// Adds a Dirichlet boundary condition, where the rhs is given by a DOF
    /// vector.
    virtual void addDirichletBC(BoundaryType type, int row, int col,
				DOFVector<double> *vec);

    /// Adds a Neumann boundary condition, where the rhs is given by an
    /// abstract function.
    virtual void addNeumannBC(BoundaryType type, int row, int col, 
			      AbstractFunction<double, WorldVector<double> > *n);

    /// Adds a Neumann boundary condition, where the rhs is given by an DOF
    /// vector.
    virtual void addNeumannBC(BoundaryType type, int row, int col, 
			      DOFVector<double> *n);

    /// Adds Robin boundary condition.
    virtual void addRobinBC(BoundaryType type, int row, int col, 
			    AbstractFunction<double, WorldVector<double> > *n,
			    AbstractFunction<double, WorldVector<double> > *r);

    /// Adds Robin boundary condition.
    virtual void addRobinBC(BoundaryType type, int row, int col, 
			    DOFVector<double> *n,
			    DOFVector<double> *r);

    /// Adds Robin boundary condition.
    virtual void addRobinBC(BoundaryType type, int row, int col, 
			    Operator *n,
			    Operator *r);

    /// Adds a periodic boundary condition.
    virtual void addPeriodicBC(BoundaryType type, int row, int col);

    /// add boundary operator to matrix side
    virtual void addBoundaryMatrixOperator(BoundaryType type, 
          Operator *op, int row, int col);

    virtual void addBoundaryMatrixOperator(BoundaryType type, 
          Operator &op, int row, int col)
    {
      addBoundaryMatrixOperator(type, &op, row, col);
    }

    /// add boundary operator to rhs (vector) side
    virtual void addBoundaryVectorOperator(BoundaryType type, 
          Operator *op, int row);

    virtual void addBoundaryVectorOperator(BoundaryType type, 
          Operator &op, int row)
    {
      addBoundaryVectorOperator(type, &op, row);
    }

    /// This function assembles a DOFMatrix and a DOFVector for the case,
    /// the meshes from row and col FE-space are equal.
    void assembleOnOneMesh(const FiniteElemSpace *feSpace, 
			   Flag assembleFlag,
			   DOFMatrix *matrix, DOFVector<double> *vector);


    ///
    void assembleBoundaryConditions(DOFVector<double> *rhs,
				    DOFVector<double> *solution,
				    Mesh *mesh,
				    Flag assembleFlag);

 
    /** \name getting methods
     * \{ 
     */

    /// Returns \ref solution.
    inline SystemVector* getSolution() 
    { 
      return solution; 
    }

    inline DOFVector<double>* getSolution(int i)
    {
      return solution->getDOFVector(i);
    }

    /// Returns \ref rhs.
    inline SystemVector* getRhs() 
    { 
      return rhs; 
    }

    inline DOFVector<double>* getRhsVector(int i = 0)
    {
      return rhs->getDOFVector(i);
    }

    /// Returns \ref systemMatrix.
    inline Matrix<DOFMatrix*> *getSystemMatrix() 
    { 
      return systemMatrix; 
    }

    /// Returns a pointer to the corresponding DOFMatrix.
    inline DOFMatrix* getSystemMatrix(int row, int col) 
    {
      return (*systemMatrix)[row][col];
    }

    /// Returns mesh of given component
    inline Mesh* getMesh(int comp = 0) 
    {
      FUNCNAME("ProblemStatSeq::getMesh()");
      TEST_EXIT(comp < static_cast<int>(componentMeshes.size()) && comp >= 0)
	("invalid component number\n");
      return componentMeshes[comp]; 
    }

    /// Returns \ref meshes
    inline std::vector<Mesh*> getMeshes() 
    {
      return meshes; 
    }

    /// Returns \ref feSpace_.
    inline const FiniteElemSpace* getFeSpace(int comp = 0) 
    { 
      FUNCNAME("ProblemStatSeq::getFeSpace()");
      TEST_EXIT(comp < static_cast<int>(componentSpaces.size()) && comp >= 0)
	("invalid component number: %d\n", comp);
      return componentSpaces[comp]; 
    }

    /// Returns \ref feSpaces.
    inline std::vector<const FiniteElemSpace*>& getFeSpaces() 
    { 
      return feSpaces; 
    }

    /// Returns \ref componentSpaces;
    inline std::vector<const FiniteElemSpace*>& getComponentSpaces() 
    {
      return componentSpaces;
    }

    /// Returns \ref estimator.
    inline std::vector<Estimator*> getEstimators() 
    { 
      return estimator; 
    }

    /// Returns \ref estimator.
    inline Estimator* getEstimator(int comp = 0) 
    { 
      return estimator[comp]; 
    }

    /// Returns \ref refinementManager.
    inline RefinementManager* getRefinementManager(int comp = 0) 
    { 
      return refinementManager; 
    }

    /// Returns \ref refinementManager.
    inline CoarseningManager* getCoarseningManager(int comp = 0) 
    { 
      return coarseningManager; 
    }

    /// Returns \ref solver.
    inline LinearSolverInterface* getSolver() 
    { 
      return solver; 
    }

    /// Returns \ref marker.
    inline Marker *getMarker(int comp = 0) 
    { 
      return marker[comp]; 
    }

    /// Returns \ref marker.
    inline std::vector<Marker*> getMarkers() 
    { 
      return marker; 
    }

    /// Returns the name of the problem
    inline std::string getName() override
    { 
      return name; 
    }

    /// Returns the name of the problem
    inline std::string getComponentName(int comp = 0)
    {
      TEST_EXIT(comp < static_cast<int>(componentNames.size()) && comp >= 0)
	("invalid component number\n");
      return componentNames[comp];
    }

    /// Returns \ref useGetBound.
    inline bool getBoundUsed() 
    { 
      return useGetBound; 
    }

    /// Returns \ref info.
    int getInfo()
    {
      return info;
    }

    /// Returns \ref deserialized;
    bool isDeserialized()
    {
      return deserialized;
    }

    /** \} */

    /** \name setting methods
     * \{ 
     */

    /// Sets \ref estimator.
    inline void setEstimator(std::vector<Estimator*> est) 
    { 
      estimator = est; 
    }

    /// Sets the FE space for the given component.
    inline void setFeSpace(const FiniteElemSpace *feSpace, int comp = 0) 
    {
      feSpaces[comp] = feSpace;
    }

    void setFeSpaces(std::vector<FiniteElemSpace const*> feSpaces_)
    {
      feSpaces = feSpaces_;
    }

    void setComponentSpace(int comp, const FiniteElemSpace *feSpace)
    {
      if (static_cast<int>(componentSpaces.size()) < nComponents)
        componentSpaces.resize(nComponents);
      TEST_EXIT(comp >= 0 && comp < nComponents + nAddComponents)
        ("Component number not in feasable range!");

      componentSpaces[comp] = feSpace;
    }
    
    /// Sets \ref estimator.
    inline void setEstimator(Estimator* est, int comp = 0) 
    { 
      estimator[comp] = est; 
    }

    /// Sets \ref marker.
    inline void setMarker(Marker* mark, int comp = 0) 
    { 
      marker[comp] = mark; 
    }

    /// Sets \ref solver.
    inline void setSolver(LinearSolverInterface* sol) 
    { 
      solver = sol; 
    }

    void setSolverMatrix(SolverMatrix<Matrix<DOFMatrix*> >& solverMatrix_)
    {
      solverMatrix.setMatrix(*solverMatrix_.getOriginalMat());
    }

    ///
    inline void setAssembleMatrixOnlyOnce(int i = 0, int j = 0, bool value = true) 
    {
      assembleMatrixOnlyOnce[i][j] = value;
    }

    ///
    void setExactSolutionFct(AbstractFunction<double, WorldVector<double> > *fct,
			     int component) 
    {
      exactSolutionFcts[component] = fct;
    }

    ///
    AbstractFunction<double, WorldVector<double> > *getExactSolutionFct(int i = 0) 
    {
      return exactSolutionFcts[i];
    }

    ///
    std::vector< AbstractFunction<double, WorldVector<double> >* > getExactSolutionFcts() 
    {
      return exactSolutionFcts;
    }

    ///
    void setComputeExactError(bool v) 
    {
      computeExactError = v;
    }

    /// Sets \ref writeAsmInfo;
    void setWriteAsmInfo(bool b)
    {
      writeAsmInfo = b;
    }

    void setMeshes(std::vector<Mesh*> meshes_)
    {
      meshes = meshes_;
      nMeshes = static_cast<int>(meshes.size());
    }

    void setComponentMesh(int comp, Mesh* mesh)
    {
      if (static_cast<int>(componentMeshes.size()) < nComponents)
        componentMeshes.resize(nComponents);
      TEST_EXIT(comp >= 0 && comp < nComponents + nAddComponents)
        ("Component number not in feasable range!");

      componentMeshes[comp] = mesh;
    }

    void setRefinementManager(RefinementManager *ref)
    {
      refinementManager = ref;
    }

    void setCoarseningManager(CoarseningManager *coarse)
    {
      coarseningManager = coarse;
    }
    /** \} */

    /// Outputs the mesh of the given component, but the values are taken from
    /// the residual error estimator. 
    void writeResidualMesh(int comp, AdaptInfo *adaptInfo, std::string name);

    /// Function that implements the serialization procedure.
    void serialize(std::ostream &out) override;

    /// Function that implements the deserialization procedure.
    void deserialize(std::istream &in) override;

    /// Returns \ref fileWriters.
    std::vector<FileWriterInterface*>& getFileWriterList() 
    {
      return fileWriters;
    }
    
    /// Returns \ref solutionTime.
    double getSolutionTime()
    {
      return solutionTime;
    }
    
    /// Returns \ref buildTime.
    double getBuildTime()
    {
      return buildTime;
    }

  protected:
    /// If the exact solution is known, the problem can compute the exact
    /// error instead of the error estimation. This is done in this function.
    void computeError(AdaptInfo *adaptInfo);

  protected:
    
    /// Name of this problem.
    std::string name;

    /// Number of problem components
    int nComponents;
    
    /// Number of additional components
    int nAddComponents;

    /// Stores the names for all components. Is used for naming the solution
    /// vectors, \ref solution.
    std::vector<std::string> componentNames;

    /// Number of problem meshes. If all components are defined on the same mesh,
    /// this number is 1. Otherwise, this variable is the number of different meshes
    /// within the problem.
    int nMeshes;

    /// FE spaces of this problem.
    std::vector<const FiniteElemSpace*> feSpaces;

    /// Meshes of this problem.
    std::vector<Mesh*> meshes;

    /// Pointer to the fe spaces for the different problem components
    std::vector<const FiniteElemSpace*> componentSpaces;

    /// Pointer to the meshes for the different problem components
    std::vector<Mesh*> componentMeshes;

    /// Stores information about which meshes must be traversed to assemble the
    /// specific components. I.e., it was implemented to make use of different
    /// meshes for different components.
    ComponentTraverseInfo traverseInfo;
    
    /// Responsible for element marking.
    std::vector<Marker*> marker;

    /// Estimator of this problem. Used in \ref estimate().
    std::vector<Estimator*> estimator;

    /// Linear solver of this problem. Used in \ref solve().
    LinearSolverInterface *solver;

    /// System vector  storing the calculated solution of the problem.
    SystemVector *solution;

    /// System vector for the right hand side 
    SystemVector *rhs;

    /// System matrix
    Matrix<DOFMatrix*> *systemMatrix;

    /// Composed system matrix
    SolverMatrix<Matrix<DOFMatrix*> > solverMatrix;

    /// Some DOFMatrices of the systemMatrix may be assembled only once (for
    /// example if they are independent of the time or older solutions). If
    /// [i][j] of this field is set to true, the corresponding DOFMatrix will
    /// be assembled only once. All other matrices will be assembled at every
    /// time step.
    std::vector<std::vector<bool> > assembleMatrixOnlyOnce;

    /// If [i][j] of this field is set to true, the corresponding DOFMatrix of
    /// the systemMatrix has been assembled at least once. This field is used
    /// to determine, if assembling of a matrix can be ommitted, if it is set
    /// to be assembled only once.
    std::vector<std::vector<bool> > assembledMatrix;

    /// Determines whether domain boundaries should be considered at assembling.
    bool useGetBound;

    /// Writes the meshes and solution after the adaption loop.
    std::vector<FileWriterInterface*> fileWriters;

    /// All actions of mesh refinement are performed by refinementManager.
    /// If new refinement algorithms should be realized, one has to override
    /// RefinementManager and give one instance of it to AdaptStationary.
    RefinementManager *refinementManager;

    /// All actions of mesh coarsening are performed by coarseningManager.
    /// If new coarsening algorithms should be realized, one has to override
    /// CoarseningManager and give one instance of it to AdaptStationary.
    CoarseningManager *coarseningManager;
  
    /// Info level.
    int info;

    /// If true, the stationary problem was deserialized from some serialization
    /// file.
    bool deserialized;

    /// This vectors stores pointers to functions defining the exact solution of
    /// the problem. This may be used to compute the real error of the computed
    /// solution.
    std::vector<AbstractFunction<double, WorldVector<double> >*> exactSolutionFcts;

    /// If true, the error is not estimated but computed from the exact solution
    /// defined by \ref exactSolutionFcts.
    bool computeExactError;
    
    /// If at least on boundary condition is set, this variable is true. It is 
    /// used to ensure that no operators are added after boundary condition were
    /// set. If this would happen, boundary conditions could set wrong on off 
    /// diagonal matrices.
    bool boundaryConditionSet;

    /// If true, AMDiS prints information about the assembling procedure to 
    /// the screen.
    bool writeAsmInfo;

    std::map<Operator*, std::vector<OperatorPos> > operators;
    
    /// time needed to solve the linear system
    double solutionTime;
    
    /// time needed to assemble the linear system
    double buildTime;
    
    template <class> friend class detail::CouplingProblemStat;
  };
  
  namespace detail
  {
    template <class ProblemStatType>
    struct ProblemStat : public ProblemStatType, 
			 public StandardProblemIteration
    {
      using ProblemStatType::getName;
      using ProblemStatSeq::info;
      
      /// Constructor
      ProblemStat(std::string nameStr,
		  ProblemIterationInterface *problemIteration = NULL)
	: ProblemStatType(nameStr, problemIteration),
	  StandardProblemIteration(this)
      { }

      /// Returns number of managed problems
      // implements StandardProblemIteration::getNumProblems()
      virtual int getNumProblems() override
      { 
	return 1; 
      }

      /// Returns the problem with the given number. If only one problem
      /// is managed by this master problem, the number hasn't to be given.
      // implements StandardProblemIteration::getProblem(int)
      virtual ProblemStatBase *getProblem(int number = 0) override
      { 
	return this; 
      }

      /// Determines the execution order of the single adaption steps. If adapt is
      /// true, mesh adaption will be performed. This allows to avoid mesh adaption,
      /// e.g. in timestep adaption loops of timestep adaptive strategies.
      // implements StandardProblemIteration::oneIteration(AdaptInfo*, Flag)
      virtual Flag oneIteration(AdaptInfo *adaptInfo, Flag toDo = FULL_ITERATION) override
      {	
	for (int i = 0; i < ProblemStatType::getNumComponents(); i++)
	  if (adaptInfo->spaceToleranceReached(i))
	    adaptInfo->allowRefinement(false, i);
	  else
	    adaptInfo->allowRefinement(true, i);	

	return StandardProblemIteration::oneIteration(adaptInfo, toDo);
      }
    };
  }
  
#ifndef HAVE_PARALLEL_DOMAIN_AMDIS
  typedef detail::ProblemStat<ProblemStatSeq> ProblemStat;
#endif
}

#endif