allow to pass quadrature rule to makeOperator, cleanup of documentation

doc/doxygen/Doxylocal

@@ -10,25 +10,30 @@ INTERNAL_DOCS          = NO
 MARKDOWN_SUPPORT       = YES
 
 EXCLUDE_SYMBOLS        = AMDiS::Impl \
-                         AMDiS::traits::Impl \
+                         AMDiS::Math::Impl_ \
+                         AMDiS::Concepts::Impl_ \
                          AMDiS::detail \
                          itl::details
-                           
+
 PREDEFINED            += HAVE_UMFPACK \
                          HAVE_ALBERTA \
                          HAVE_UG \
                          AMDIS_BACKEND_MTL
-                          
+
 # The INPUT tag can be used to specify the files and/or directories that contain
 # documented source files. You may enter file names like "myfile.cpp" or
 # directories like "/usr/src/myproject". Separate the files or directories
 # with spaces.
 
 INPUT                 += @top_srcdir@/dune/amdis \
+                         @top_srcdir@/dune/amdis/assembler \
                          @top_srcdir@/dune/amdis/common \
-                         @top_srcdir@/dune/amdis/utility \
+                         @top_srcdir@/dune/amdis/gridfunctions \
+                         @top_srcdir@/dune/amdis/io \
                          @top_srcdir@/dune/amdis/linear_algebra \
-                         @top_srcdir@/dune/amdis/linear_algebra/mtl
+                         @top_srcdir@/dune/amdis/linear_algebra/mtl \
+                         @top_srcdir@/dune/amdis/operations \
+                         @top_srcdir@/dune/amdis/utility
 # see e.g. dune-grid for the examples of mainpage and modules
 #INPUT                 += @srcdir@/mainpage \
 #                         @srcdir@/modules
@@ -50,4 +55,4 @@ EXAMPLE_PATH          += @top_srcdir@/src
 # directories that contain image that are included in the documentation (see
 # the \image command).
 
-# IMAGE_PATH            += @top_srcdir@/dune/amdis/pics
+# IMAGE_PATH            += @top_srcdir@/doc/pics

dune/amdis/CreatorInterface.hpp

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ namespace AMDiS
      * Must be implemented by sub classes of CreatorInterface.
      * Creates a new instance of the sub class of BaseClass.
      */
-    virtual shared_ptr<BaseClass> create() = 0;
+    virtual std::shared_ptr<BaseClass> create() = 0;
   };
 
   /**

dune/amdis/GridFunctionOperator.hpp

@@ -9,7 +9,31 @@
 
 namespace AMDiS
 {
-  template <class GridFunction>
+  /**
+   * \addtogroup operators
+   * @{
+   **/
+
+  /// \brief The main implementation of an operator to be used in a \ref LocalAssembler.
+  /**
+   * An Operator that takes a GridFunction as coefficient.
+   * Provides quadrature rules and handles the evaluation of the GridFunction at
+   * local coordinates.
+   *
+   * The class is specialized, by deriving from it, in \ref GridFunctionOperator.
+   *
+   * \tparam GridFunction The GridFunction, a LocalFunction is created from, and
+   *                      that is evaluated at quadrature points.
+   * \tparam QuadratureCreator A functor that provides a \ref Dune::QuadratureRule.
+   *
+   * **Requirements:**
+   * - `GridFunction` models the \ref Concepts::GridFunction
+   * - `QuadratureCreator` models \ref Concepts::Callable<Dune::GeometryType, LocalFunction, F>
+   *   where `F` is a functor of the signature `int(int)` that calculates the
+   *   degree of the (bi)linear-form. The argument passed to `F` is the polynomial
+   *   order of the GridFunction.
+   **/
+  template <class GridFunction, class QuadratureCreator>
   class GridFunctionOperatorBase
   {
     using LocalFunction = decltype(localFunction(std::declval<GridFunction>()));
@@ -25,11 +49,11 @@ namespace AMDiS
      * \ref ExpressionBase, and stores a copy. Additionally, it gets the
      * differentiation order, to calculate the quadrature degree in \ref getDegree.
      **/
-    GridFunctionOperatorBase(GridFunction const& gridFct, int order, int degree = -1)
+    GridFunctionOperatorBase(GridFunction const& gridFct, QuadratureCreator creator, int order)
       : gridFct_(gridFct)
       , localFct_(localFunction(gridFct_))
+      , quadCreator_(creator)
       , order_(order)
-      , degree_(degree)
     {}
 
     /// \brief Binds operator to `element` and `geometry`.
@@ -57,7 +81,7 @@ namespace AMDiS
       localFct_.unbind();
     }
 
-    /// Return expressions iq'th value. Must be initialized in \ref init before.
+    /// Return expression value at LocalCoordinates
     auto coefficient(LocalCoordinate const& local) const
     {
       assert( bound_ );
@@ -65,6 +89,16 @@ namespace AMDiS
     }
 
 
+    /// Create a quadrature rule using the \ref QuadratureCreator by calculating the
+    /// quadrature order necessary to integrate the (bi)linear-form accurately.
+    template <class... Nodes>
+    decltype(auto) getQuadratureRule(Dune::GeometryType type, Nodes const&... nodes) const
+    {
+      auto degreeFunctor = [&,this](int order) -> int { return this->getDegree(order, nodes...); };
+      return quadCreator_(type, localFct_, degreeFunctor);
+    }
+
+  protected:
     /// \brief Return the quadrature degree for a vector operator.
     /**
      * The quadrature degree that is necessary, to integrate the expression
@@ -72,12 +106,11 @@ namespace AMDiS
      * the order of derivatives, this operator implements.
      **/
     template <class Node>
-    int getDegree(Node const& node) const
+    int getDegree(int coeffDegree, Node const& node) const
     {
       assert( bound_ );
 
       int psiDegree = getPolynomialDegree(node);
-      int coeffDegree = getGridFctDegree(localFct_);
 
       int degree = psiDegree + coeffDegree;
       if (isSimplex_)
@@ -96,13 +129,12 @@ namespace AMDiS
      * the order of derivatives, this operator implements.
      **/
     template <class RowNode, class ColNode>
-    int getDegree(RowNode const& rowNode, ColNode const& colNode) const
+    int getDegree(int coeffDegree, RowNode const& rowNode, ColNode const& colNode) const
     {
       assert( bound_ );
 
       int psiDegree = getPolynomialDegree(rowNode);
       int phiDegree = getPolynomialDegree(colNode);
-      int coeffDegree = getGridFctDegree(localFct_);
 
       int degree = psiDegree + phiDegree + coeffDegree;
       if (isSimplex_)
@@ -113,27 +145,12 @@ namespace AMDiS
       return degree;
     }
 
-  protected:
-    template <class LocalFct,
-      REQUIRES(Concepts::HasOrder<LocalFct>)>
-    int getGridFctDegree(LocalFct const& localFct) const
-    {
-      return degree_ >= 0 ? degree_ : order(localFct_);
-    }
-
-    template <class LocalFct,
-      REQUIRES(not Concepts::HasOrder<LocalFct>)>
-    int getGridFctDegree(LocalFct const& localFct) const
-    {
-      return degree_;
-    }
-
   private:
     GridFunction gridFct_;
     LocalFunction localFct_;
 
-    int order_;   //< the derivative order of this operator
-    int degree_;  //< the polynomial order of the gridFunction
+    QuadratureCreator quadCreator_; //< a creator to provide a quadrature rule
+    int order_;                     //< the derivative order of this operator
 
     bool isSimplex_ = false;    //< the bound element is a simplex
     bool isAffine_ = false;     //< the bound geometry is affine
@@ -147,13 +164,13 @@ namespace AMDiS
    * \ref calculateElementMatrix, if it is a vector or matrix operator,
    * respectively.
    **/
-  template <class Tag, class GridFct>
+  template <class Tag, class GridFct, class QuadratureCreator>
   class GridFunctionOperator
-      : public GridFunctionOperatorBase<GridFct>
+      : public GridFunctionOperatorBase<GridFct, QuadratureCreator>
   {
   public:
-    GridFunctionOperator(Tag, GridFct const& gridFct)
-      : GridFunctionOperatorBase<GridFct>(gridFct, 0)
+    GridFunctionOperator(Tag, GridFct const& gridFct, QuadratureCreator const& quadCreator)
+      : GridFunctionOperatorBase<GridFct, QuadratureCreator>(gridFct, 0, quadCreator)
     {}
 
     /// Assemble a local element vector on the element that is bound.
@@ -184,6 +201,8 @@ namespace AMDiS
     }
   };
 
+
+#ifndef DOXYGEN
   namespace Concepts
   {
     namespace Definition
@@ -202,66 +221,157 @@ namespace AMDiS
   } // end namespace Concepts
 
 
+  namespace tag
+  {
+    struct deduce {};
+    struct order {};
+    struct rule {};
+
+  } // end namespace tag
+
+
+  template <class Tag, class Expr, class QuadTag, class Rule = void>
+  struct ExpressionPreOperator;
+
   template <class Tag, class Expr>
-  struct ExpressionPreOperator
+  struct ExpressionPreOperator<Tag, Expr, tag::deduce>
+  {
+    Tag tag;
+    Expr expr;
+  };
+
+  template <class Tag, class Expr>
+  struct ExpressionPreOperator<Tag, Expr, tag::order>
+  {
+    Tag tag;
+    Expr expr;
+    int order;
+    Dune::QuadratureType::Enum qt;
+  };
+
+  template <class Tag, class Expr, class Rule>
+  struct ExpressionPreOperator<Tag, Expr, tag::rule, Rule>
   {
     Tag tag;
     Expr expr;
-    int order = -1;
+    Rule const& rule;
   };
+#endif
 
-  /// Store tag and expression in struct
+
+  /// Store tag and expression to create a \ref GridFunctionOperator
   template <class Tag, class Expr>
   auto makeOperator(Tag t, Expr const& expr)
   {
     using RawExpr = Underlying_t<Expr>;
     static_assert(Concepts::HasGridFunctionOrder<RawExpr>,
-      "Polynomial degree of expression can not be deduced. You need to provide an explicit value for polynomial order in `makeOperator()`.");
+      "Polynomial degree of expression can not be deduced. You need to provide an explicit value for polynomial order or a quadrature rule in `makeOperator()`.");
 
-    return ExpressionPreOperator<Tag, Expr>{t, expr};
+    return ExpressionPreOperator<Tag, Expr, tag::deduce>{t, expr};
   }
 
+  /// Store tag and expression and polynomial order of expression to create a \ref GridFunctionOperator
   template <class Tag, class Expr>
-  auto makeOperator(Tag t, Expr const& expr, int order)
+  auto makeOperator(Tag t, Expr const& expr, int order,
+                    Dune::QuadratureType::Enum qt = Dune::QuadratureType::GaussLegendre)
+  {
+    return ExpressionPreOperator<Tag, Expr, tag::order>{t, expr, order, qt};
+  }
+
+  /// Store tag and expression and a quadrature rule to create a \ref GridFunctionOperator
+  template <class Tag, class Expr, class ctype, int dim>
+  auto makeOperator(Tag t, Expr const& expr, Dune::QuadratureRule<ctype,dim> const& rule)
   {
-    return ExpressionPreOperator<Tag, Expr>{t, expr, order};
+    return ExpressionPreOperator<Tag, Expr, tag::rule, Dune::QuadratureRule<ctype,dim>>{t, expr, rule};
   }
 
+  /** @} **/
+
+#ifndef DOXYGEN
+
+  namespace Impl
+  {
+    // Deduce polynomial order of expression automatically. Create standard quadrature rule with degree
+    // build up of operator derivative order, and polynomial degrees of trial/test functions.
+    template <class Tag, class Expr, class GridView>
+    auto makeQuadCreator(ExpressionPreOperator<Tag, Expr, tag::deduce> const& /*op*/, GridView const& /*gridView*/)
+    {
+      using QuadratureRules = Dune::QuadratureRules<typename GridView::ctype, GridView::dimension>;
+      return [](auto type, auto&& localFct, auto getDegree) -> auto const&
+      {
+        return QuadratureRules::rule(type, getDegree(order(localFct)));
+      };
+    }
+
+    // Provide polynomial order of expression explicitly
+    template <class Tag, class Expr, class GridView>
+    auto makeQuadCreator(ExpressionPreOperator<Tag, Expr, tag::order> const& op, GridView const& /*gridView*/)
+    {
+      using QuadratureRules = Dune::QuadratureRules<typename GridView::ctype, GridView::dimension>;
+      return [order=op.order,qt=op.qt](auto type, auto&& /*localFct*/, auto getDegree) -> auto const&
+      {
+        return QuadratureRules::rule(type, getDegree(order), qt);
+      };
+    }
+
+    // Provide quadrature rule explicitly
+    template <class Tag, class Expr, class Rule, class GridView>
+    auto makeQuadCreator(ExpressionPreOperator<Tag, Expr, tag::rule, Rule> const& op, GridView const& /*gridView*/)
+    {
+      return [&rule=op.rule](auto&&...) -> auto const&
+      {
+        return rule;
+      };
+    }
+
+  } // end namespace Impl
+
+
   /// Generate an \ref GridFunctionOperator from a PreOperator (tag, expr).
   /// @{
-  template <class Tag, class Expr, class GridView>
-  auto makeGridOperator(ExpressionPreOperator<Tag, Expr> const& op, GridView const& gridView)
+  template <class Tag, class... Args, class GridView>
+  auto makeGridOperator(ExpressionPreOperator<Tag, Args...> const& op, GridView const& gridView)
   {
     auto gridFct = makeGridFunction(op.expr, gridView);
-    return GridFunctionOperator<Tag, decltype(gridFct)>{op.tag, gridFct, op.order};
+    auto quadCreator = Impl::makeQuadCreator(op, gridView);
+    using GridFctOp = GridFunctionOperator<Tag, decltype(gridFct), decltype(quadCreator)>;
+    return GridFctOp{op.tag, gridFct, quadCreator};
   }
 
-  template <class Tag, class Expr, class GridView>
-  auto makeGridOperator(std::reference_wrapper<ExpressionPreOperator<Tag, Expr>> op, GridView const& gridView)
+  template <class Tag, class... Args, class GridView>
+  auto makeGridOperator(std::reference_wrapper<ExpressionPreOperator<Tag, Args...>> op, GridView const& gridView)
   {
-    ExpressionPreOperator<Tag, Expr> const& op_ref = op;
+    ExpressionPreOperator<Tag, Args...> const& op_ref = op;
     auto gridFct = makeGridFunction(std::ref(op_ref.expr), gridView);
-    return GridFunctionOperator<Tag, decltype(gridFct)>{op_ref.tag, gridFct, op_ref.order};
+    auto quadCreator = Impl::makeQuadCreator(op_ref, gridView);
+    using GridFctOp = GridFunctionOperator<Tag, decltype(gridFct), decltype(quadCreator)>;
+    return GridFctOp{op_ref.tag, gridFct, quadCreator};
   }
   /// @}
 
 
   /// Generate a shared_ptr to \ref GridFunctionOperator from a PreOperator (tag, expr).
   /// @{
-  template <class Tag, class Expr, class GridView>
-  auto makeGridOperatorPtr(ExpressionPreOperator<Tag, Expr> const& op, GridView const& gridView)
+  template <class Tag, class... Args, class GridView>
+  auto makeGridOperatorPtr(ExpressionPreOperator<Tag, Args...> const& op, GridView const& gridView)
   {
     auto gridFct = makeGridFunction(op.expr, gridView);
-    return std::make_shared<GridFunctionOperator<Tag, decltype(gridFct)>>(op.tag, gridFct, op.order);
+    auto quadCreator = Impl::makeQuadCreator(op, gridView);
+    using GridFctOp = GridFunctionOperator<Tag, decltype(gridFct), decltype(quadCreator)>;
+    return std::make_shared<GridFctOp>(op.tag, gridFct, quadCreator);
   }
 
-  template <class Tag, class Expr, class GridView>
-  auto makeGridOperatorPtr(std::reference_wrapper<ExpressionPreOperator<Tag, Expr>> op, GridView const& gridView)
+  template <class Tag, class... Args, class GridView>
+  auto makeGridOperatorPtr(std::reference_wrapper<ExpressionPreOperator<Tag, Args...>> op, GridView const& gridView)
   {
-    ExpressionPreOperator<Tag, Expr> const& op_ref = op;
+    ExpressionPreOperator<Tag, Args...> const& op_ref = op;
     auto gridFct = makeGridFunction(std::ref(op_ref.expr), gridView);
-    return std::make_shared<GridFunctionOperator<Tag, decltype(gridFct)>>(op_ref.tag, gridFct, op_ref.order);
+    auto quadCreator = Impl::makeQuadCreator(op_ref, gridView);
+    using GridFctOp = GridFunctionOperator<Tag, decltype(gridFct), decltype(quadCreator)>;
+    return std::make_shared<GridFctOp>(op_ref.tag, gridFct, quadCreator);
   }
   /// @}
 
+#endif // DOXYGEN
+
 } // end namespace AMDiS

dune/amdis/GridFunctions.hpp

 #pragma once
 
+/**
+  * \defgroup GridFunctions GridFunction module
+  * \brief Defines GridFunctions to be used in operators, boundary-conditions,
+  * interpolation and integration.
+  *
+  * GridFunctions are expressions build up of some elementary terms and can be
+  * used to construct a \ref GridFunctionOperator, can be interpolated to a
+  * \ref DOFVector, and can be integrated over a GridView.
+  *
+  * Thus, GridFunctions are an important incredient to formulate the bilinear
+  * and linear forms und to postprocess the solutions.
+  *
+  * **Examples:**
+  * 1. Usage of GridFunctions to build Operators:
+  * ```
+  * ProblemStat<Traits> prob("name");
+  * prob.initialize(INIT_ALL);
+  *
+  * auto opB = makeOperator(BiLinearForm, Expression);
+  * prob.addMatrixOperator(opB, Row, Col);
+  *
+  * auto opL = makeOperator(LinearForm, Expression);
+  * prob.addVectorOperator(opL, Row);
+  * ```
+  *
+  * 2. Usage of GridFunctions in BoundaryConditions:
+  * ```
+  * prob.addDirichletBC(Predicate, Row, Col, Expression);
+  * ```
+  *
+  * 3. Interpolate a GridFunction to a DOFVector:
+  * ```
+  * prob.getSolution(_0).interpol(Expression);
+  * ```
+  *
+  * 4. Integrate a GridFunction on a GridView:
+  * ```
+  * auto value = integrate(Expression, prob.leafGridView());
+  * ```
+  *
+  * **Remarks:**
+  * - An `Expression` is anything, a GridFunction can be created from, sometimes
+  *   also called PreGridFunction. It includes constants, functors callable with
+  *   GlobalCoordinates, and any combination of GridFunctions.
+  * - Anything that needs a quadrature formula, e.g., makeOperator() and
+  *   integrate(), needs to determine the (approximative) polynomial degree of
+  *   the GridFunctions. If the Gridfunction builds a polynomial expression, it
+  *   can be deduced automatically, i.e. if it includes constants, DOFVectors,
+  *   and arithmetic operator operator+, operator-, or operator*.
+  *
+  *   If the polynomial order can not be deduced, the compiler gives an error.
+  *   Then, these functions, accept an additional argument, to provide either the
+  *   polynomial degree of the expression, or a quadrature rule explicitly.
+  *
+  *   *Examples:*
+  *   + `auto op1 = makeOperator(B, 1.0 + pow<2>(prob.getSolution(_0)));`
+  *   + `auto op2 = makeOperator(B, sin(X(0)), 4);`
+  *   + `auto op3 = makeOperator(B, sin(X(0)), Dune::QuadratureRules(Dune::GeometryType::simplex, 4));`
+  *   + `auto value1 = integrate(sin(X(0)), 4);`
+  **/
+
 #include <dune/amdis/gridfunctions/AnalyticGridFunction.hpp>
 #include <dune/amdis/gridfunctions/ConstantGridFunction.hpp>
 #include <dune/amdis/gridfunctions/CoordsGridFunction.hpp>
@@ -9,7 +70,40 @@
 
 namespace AMDiS
 {
-  // Generator for Gridfunctions from Pre-Gridfunctions
+  /// \brief Generator for Gridfunctions from Expressions (PreGridfunctions)
+  /**
+   * \ingroup GridFunctions
+   * Create an evaluable GridFunction from an expression that itself can not be
+   * evaluated. Therefore, it binds the GridFunction to a GridView.
+   *
+   * **Example:**
+   * ```
+   * ProblemStat<Traits> prob("name");
+   * prob.initialize(INIT_ALL);
+   *
+   * auto gridFct = makeGridFunction(Expression, prob.leafGridView());
+   *
+   * // eval GridFunction at GlobalCoordinates
+   * auto value = gridFct(Dune::FieldVector<double,2>{1.0, 2.0});
+   *
+   * auto localFct = localFunction(gridFct);
+   * for (auto const& element : elements(prob.leafGridView())) {
+   *   localFct.bind(element);
+   *   // eval LocalFunction at local coordinates
+   *   auto x = localFct(element.geometry().center());
+   *   localFct.unbind();
+   * }
+   * ```
+   *
+   * In contrast to Expressions, GridFunctions can be evaluated, and
+   * - have the free-function \ref localFunction() to obtain a LocalFunction
+   * - its LocalFunctions have the free-function \ref order() to obtain the
+   *   polynomial order of the Expression (if available)
+   * - its LocalFunctions have the free-function \ref derivative() to
+   *   differentiate the Expression with respect to global Coordinates.
+   *   A derivative Expression can be created, using \ref gradientAtQP() that
+   *   can be converted to a GridFunction afterwards.
+   **/
   template <class PreGridFct, class GridView>
   decltype(auto) makeGridFunction(PreGridFct&& preGridFct, GridView const& gridView)
   {

dune/amdis/LocalAssembler.hpp

@@ -83,14 +83,11 @@ namespace AMDiS
         ElementMatrixVector& elementMatrixVector,
         Nodes const&... nodes) final
     {
-      decltype(auto) localGeometry = getLocalGeometry(localContext);
-
-      using QuadratureRules = Dune::QuadratureRules<typename Geometry::ctype, LocalContext::mydimension>;
-      int degree = op_.getDegree(nodes...);
-      auto const& quad = QuadratureRules::rule(localGeometry.type(), degree);
+      auto&& localGeometry = getLocalGeometry(localContext);
+      auto&& quad = op_.getQuadratureRule(localGeometry.type(), nodes...);
 
       Context data{localContext, getGeometry(), localGeometry};
-      assembleImpl(data, quad, elementMatrixVector, nodes...);
+      assembleImpl(data, std::forward<decltype(quad)>(quad), elementMatrixVector, nodes...);
       return true;
     }
 
@@ -199,7 +196,7 @@ namespace AMDiS
 
   /// Generate a \ref LocalAssembler on a given `LocalContext` (element or intersection)
   template <class LocalContext, class Operator, class... Nodes,
-    std::enable_if_t<not traits::is_reference_wrapper<Operator>::value, int> = 0>
+    std::enable_if_t<not Traits::IsReferenceWrapper<Operator>::value, int> = 0>
   auto makeLocalAssembler(Operator const& op, Nodes const&...)
   {
     return LocalAssembler<LocalContext, Operator, Nodes...>{op};
@@ -213,7 +210,7 @@ namespace AMDiS
 
   /// Generate a shared_ptr to \ref LocalAssembler on a given `LocalContext` (element or intersection)
   template <class LocalContext, class Operator, class... Nodes,
-    std::enable_if_t<not traits::is_reference_wrapper<Operator>::value, int> = 0>
+    std::enable_if_t<not Traits::IsReferenceWrapper<Operator>::value, int> = 0>
   auto makeLocalAssemblerPtr(Operator const& op, Nodes const&...)
   {
     return std::make_shared<LocalAssembler<LocalContext, Operator, Nodes...>>(op);

dune/amdis/Mesh.hpp

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ namespace AMDiS
   template <class Grid>
   class MeshCreator
   {
-    static unique_ptr<Grid> create(std::string meshName)
+    static std::unique_ptr<Grid> create(std::string meshName)
     {
       error_exit("Creator not yet implemented for this mesh type.");
     }
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ namespace AMDiS
   {
     using Grid = Dune::AlbertaGrid<dim, dimworld>;
 
-    static unique_ptr<Grid> create(std::string meshName)
+    static std::unique_ptr<Grid> create(std::string meshName)
     {
       std::string macro_filename = "";
       Parameters::get(meshName + "->macro file name", macro_filename);
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ namespace AMDiS
       // TODO: if filename_extension is ".2d" or ".3d" read it directly from file
       // otherwise use a factory method
 
-      return make_unique<Grid>(macro_filename);
+      return std::make_unique<Grid>(macro_filename);
     }
   };
 #endif
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ namespace AMDiS
   {
     using Grid = Dune::UGGrid<dim>;
 
-    static unique_ptr<Grid> create(std::string meshName)
+    static std::unique_ptr<Grid> create(std::string meshName)
     {
 
       std::string filename = "";
@@ -117,12 +117,12 @@ namespace AMDiS
           Dune::GridFactory<Grid> factory;
           Dune::AlbertaReader<Grid> reader;
           reader.readGrid(filename, factory);
-          return unique_ptr<Grid>{factory.createGrid()};
+          return std::unique_ptr<Grid>{factory.createGrid()};
         }
 #endif
         if (ext == "msh") {
           Dune::GmshReader<Grid> reader;
-          return unique_ptr<Grid>{reader.read(filename)};
+          return std::unique_ptr<Grid>{reader.read(filename)};
         }
       } else {
         error_exit("Construction of UGGrid without filename not yet implemented!");
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ namespace AMDiS
   {
     using Grid = Dune::YaspGrid<dim, Dune::EquidistantCoordinates<T,dim>>;
 
-    static unique_ptr<Grid> create(std::string meshName)
+    static std::unique_ptr<Grid> create(std::string meshName)
     {
       Dune::FieldVector<double, dim> L; L = 1.0;  // extension of the domain
       Parameters::get(meshName + "->dimension", L);
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ namespace AMDiS
 
       // TODO: add more parameters for yasp-grid (see constructor)
 
-      return make_unique<Grid>(L, s);
+      return std::make_unique<Grid>(L, s);
     }
   };
 
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ namespace AMDiS
   {
     using Grid = Dune::YaspGrid<dim, Dune::EquidistantOffsetCoordinates<T, dim>>;
 
-    static unique_ptr<Grid> create(std::string meshName)
+    static std::unique_ptr<Grid> create(std::string meshName)
     {
       Dune::FieldVector<double, dim> lowerleft;  lowerleft = 0.0; // Lower left corner of the domain
       Dune::FieldVector<double, dim> upperright; upperright = 1.0; // Upper right corner of the domain
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ namespace AMDiS
 
       // TODO: add more parameters for yasp-grid (see constructor)
 
-      return make_unique<Grid>(lowerleft, upperright, s);