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7aa80c51 · Praetorius, Simon · 7aa80c51 · 7aa80c51 · 419b0a6e · 7aa80c51
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+*.pdf filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.jpg filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
--- a/.gitmodules
+++ b/.gitmodules
+[submodule "MathJax"]
+	path = MathJax
+	url = https://github.com/mathjax/MathJax.git
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+Subproject commit 419b0a6eee7eefc0f85e47f7d4f8227ec28b8e57
--- a/adaptivity.html
+++ b/adaptivity.html
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>AMDiS - Adaptive Multi-Dimensional Simulations</title>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>
+    <style type="text/css">
+      @import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Yanone+Kaffeesatz);
+      @import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway);
+      @import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Ubuntu);
+      @import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Droid+Serif:400,700,400italic);
+      @import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Ubuntu+Mono:400,700,400italic);
+    </style>
+    <!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style_display.css" />-->
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style_print.css" />
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <textarea id="source">
+
+class: center, middle
+
+# Session 3
+## Adaptivity and systems of equation
+
+---
+
+# Agenda
+
+### Monday
+- Scalar linear second order PDEs
+- Handling data on unstructured grids
+- **Adaptivity and systems of equations**
+- Introduction to Student Projects
+
+---
+
+# Motivation
+### Mesh adaptivity
+- Two-phase flow problem
+- Steep transition between two phases
+
+<img src="images/capillary_ellipse.png" width="40%" /><img src="images/capillary_ellipse2.png" width="50%" />
+
+---
+
+# Adaptivity and error estimators: (`poisson3.cc`)
+<table width="100%"><tr><td width="60%">
+Adative solution strategy:<ul>
+<li>Refine elements to reduce global error</li>
+<li>Local refinement instead of global refinement</li>
+<li>Repeated solution with adapted mesh:</li>
+</ul></td><td><img src="images/bisection.png" width="100%" /></td>
+</tr></table>
+
+--
+
+.center[
+<img src="images/adaption-loop.png" width="90%" />
+]
+
+---
+
+# Adaptivity and error estimators: (`poisson3.cc`)
+
+```
+prob.assemble(&amp;adaptInfo);
+prob.solve(&amp;adaptInfo);
+prob.estimate(&amp;adaptInfo); // local error indicator
+
+Flag adapted;
+for (int i = 0; i < MAX\_ITER; ++i)
+{
+  if (adaptInfo.getEstSum(0) < TOL)
+    break;
+  Flag markFlag = prob.markElements(&amp;adaptInfo); // mesh adaption}
+  adapted = prob.refineMesh(&amp;adaptInfo);
+  adapted|= prob.coarsenMesh(&amp;adaptInfo);
+
+  prob.buildAfterCoarsen(&amp;adaptInfo, markFlag); // assemble}
+  prob.solve(&amp;adaptInfo);
+  prob.estimate(&amp;adaptInfo);
+}
+```
+
+---
+class: center, middle
+# Better: `AdaptStationary`
+--
+
+.left[
+### Encapsulation into class:
+```
+AdaptStationary adaptStat("adapt", prob, adaptInfo);
+adaptStat.adapt(); // start adaptive solution process
+```
+]
+---
+
+# Adaptivity and error estimators: (`poisson3.cc`)
+
+Solution strategy: `assemble->solve->estimate->mark->refine/coarsen`
+- Estimator type can be set in init-file
+--
+
+- e.g. Residual-Estimator: Element error-indicator `\(\eta_T\)`:
+
+\\[
+\eta\_T := C\_0 h\_T^2 \||f + \nabla\cdot\mathbb{A}\nabla u\_h\||\_{L\_2(T)} + C\_1 \left(\sum\_{e\subset T} h\_e \left[\left[\mathbb{A}\nabla u\_h\cdot\underline{\nu\_e}\right]\right]^2\right)^{1/2}
+\\]
+--
+
+- e.g. Recovery Estimator:
+\\[
+\eta\_T := \||\nabla u\_h^\ast - \nabla u\_h\||\_{L\_2(T)}
+\\]
+--
+
+- Various *marking strategies*: global refinement, maximum strategy, equidistribution strategy, guaranteed error reduction strategy
+
+---
+
+# Stationary equation with adaptivity
+Source-code: see `poisson4.cc`
+```
+ProblemStat prob("poisson5");
+prob.initialize(INIT_ALL);
+
+Operator opL( prob.getFeSpace(), prob.getFeSpace() );
+  addSOT( opL, A ); // e.g. A = 1.0
+Operator opF( prob.getFeSpace() );
+  addZOT( opF, f ); // e.g. f = X()*X() + 1
+
+prob.addMatrixOperator( opL, 0, 0 );
+prob.addVectorOperator( opF, 0 );
+
+prob.addDirichletBC( nr, 0, 0, new G );
+
+AdaptInfo adaptInfo("adapt");
+AdaptStationary("adapt", prob, adaptInfo).adapt();
+
+prob.writeFiles(&amp;adaptInfo, true);
+```
+
+---
+
+# Stationary equation with adaptivity
+Init-file: see `poisson4.dat.2d`
+```matlab
+poisson->estimator[0]: residual % or recovery
+poisson->estimator[0]->C0: 0.1 % weight of element residual
+poisson->estimator[0]->C1: 0.1 % weight of jump residual
+
+poisson->marker[0]->strategy: 2
+% 1... global refinement
+% 2... maximum strategy
+% 3... equidistribution strategy
+% 4... guaranteed error reduction strategy
+
+adapt[0]->tolerance: 1e-4
+adapt->max iteration: 5
+```
+
+---
+
+# Stationary equation with adaptivity
+Visualization of the locally refined grid: TODO: change images!!
+
+
+<img src="images/local_refinement_0.png" width="30%" /><img src="images/local_refinement_3.png" width="30%" /><img src="images/local_refinement_4.png" width="30%" />
+
+<img src="images/local_refinement_5.png" width="30%" /><img src="images/local_refinement_6.png" width="30%" /><img src="images/local_refinement_10.png" width="30%" />
+
+---
+
+class: center, middle
+# System of equations
+
+---
+
+# System of equations
+Motivation:
+- Navier-Stokes equations
+- Phase-Field (Crystal) equation
+- Willmore flow
+
+<img src="images/120particle_f3.png" width="30%" />
+<img src="images/rho_big.png" width="30%" />
+<img src="images/cell.png" width="30%" />
+
+---
+
+# Example: Biharmonic equation
+
+We consider the stream-function formulation for the Stokes equation (2D):
+\\[
+-\nu\Delta^2\psi = f,\quad\text{ in }\Omega,\qquad\big(\mathbf{v} = -\nabla\times\mathbf{e}\_z \psi\big)
+\\]
+with `\(\psi|_{\partial\Omega}=\Delta\psi|_{\partial\Omega} = 0\)` and `\(f=(\nabla\times\mathbf{f})_z\)`.
+--
+
+Reformulated as system of second order equation, we obtain:
+\\[
+-\nu\Delta\phi = f,\quad\text{ in }\Omega \\\\
+-\Delta\psi + \phi = 0
+\\]
+--
+
+or in weak form:
+\\[
+\langle\nu\nabla\phi,\nabla\theta\rangle -\langle\nu\partial\_n\phi,\theta\rangle\_{\partial\Omega} = \langle f, \theta\rangle,\quad\forall\theta\in V \\\\
+\langle\nabla\psi,\nabla\theta'\rangle -\langle\partial\_n\psi,\theta'\rangle\_{\partial\Omega} + \langle\phi,\theta'\rangle = 0,\qquad\forall\theta'\in V'
+\\]
+
+with solution components `\((\psi\in V, \phi\in V')\)`.
+
+---
+
+# Example: Biharmonic equation
+
+We consider the stream-function formulation for the Stokes equation (2D):
+\\[
+-\nu\Delta^2\psi = f,\quad\text{ in }\Omega,\qquad\big(\mathbf{v} = -\nabla\times\mathbf{e}\_z \psi\big)
+\\]
+with **`\(\psi|_{\partial\Omega}=\Delta\psi|_{\partial\Omega} = 0\)`** and `\(f=(\nabla\times\mathbf{f})_z\)`.
+
+Reformulated as system of second order equation, we obtain:
+\\[
+-\nu\Delta\phi = f,\quad\text{ in }\Omega \\\\
+-\Delta\psi + \phi = 0,\quad\text{ with }\psi|\_{\partial\Omega}=0\text{ and }\phi|\_{\partial\Omega}=0
+\\]
+
+or in weak form:
+\\[
+\langle\nu\nabla\phi,\nabla\theta\rangle  = \langle f, \theta\rangle,\quad\forall\theta\in V\_0 \\\\
+\langle\nabla\psi,\nabla\theta'\rangle + \langle\phi,\theta'\rangle = 0,\qquad\forall\theta'\in V'\_0
+\\]
+
+with solution components `\((\psi\in V_0, \phi\in V'_0)\)`.
+
+---
+
+# The biharmonic equation
+Source-code: see `biharmonic1.cc`
+\\[
+\overbrace{\langle\nu\nabla\phi,\nabla\theta\rangle}^{\text{opL\_phi}} = \overbrace{\langle f, \theta\rangle}^{\text{opF}}, \\\\
+\underbrace{\langle\nabla\psi,\nabla\theta'\rangle}\_{\text{opL\_psi}} + \underbrace{\langle\phi,\theta'\rangle}\_{\text{opM\_phi}} = 0
+\\]
+```
+Operator opL_phi(prob.getFeSpace(0), prob.getFeSpace(1));
+  addSOT(opL_phi, nu);
+Operator opF(prob.getFeSpace(0));
+  addZOT(opF, f);
+Operator opL_psi(prob.getFeSpace(1), prob.getFeSpace(0));
+  addSOT(opL_psi, 1.0);
+Operator opM_phi(prob.getFeSpace(1), prob.getFeSpace(1));
+  addZOT(opM_phi, 1.0);
+
+// ===== add operators to problem =====
+prob.addMatrixOperator(opL_phi, 0, 1);   // -nu*laplace(phi)
+prob.addMatrixOperator(opL_psi, 1, 0);   // -laplace(psi)
+prob.addMatrixOperator(opM_phi, 1, 1);   // phi
+prob.addVectorOperator(opF,     0);      // f(x)
+/// ...
+```
+
+---
+
+# The biharmonic equation
+Source-code: see `biharmonic1.cc`
+```
+/// ...
+BoundaryType nr = 1;
+prob.addDirichletBC(nr, 1, 0, new Constant(0.0));
+prob.addDirichletBC(nr, 0, 1, new Constant(0.0));
+
+AdaptInfo adaptInfo("adapt");
+AdaptStationary("adapt", prob, adaptInfo).adapt();
+
+prob.writeFiles(&amp;adaptInfo, true);
+```
+
+Init-file: see `biharmonic1.dat.2d`
+```matlab
+biharmonic->mesh:       mesh
+biharmonic->components: 2
+biharmonic->feSpace[0]: P1
+biharmonic->feSpace[1]: P1
+biharmonic->dim:        2
+biharmonic->name:       [psi,phi]
+```
+
+---
+
+# The biharmonic equation
+Velocity field `\(\mathbf{v}\)` and stream function `\(\psi\)` for `\(\mathbf{f}=(y, -x)^\top\)`
+.center[
+<img src="images/biharmonic.png" width="80%" />
+]
+
+---
+class: center, middle
+# Exercise3
+## Biharmonic equation
+---
+
+# Exercise3: System of equations
+Implement the 4th order PDE
+\\[
+u - \Delta(u -\epsilon\Delta u) = f(x)\quad\text{ in }\Omega, \\\\
+\partial\_n u|\_{\partial\Omega} = \partial\_n(u - \epsilon\Delta u)|\_{\partial\Omega} = 0
+\\]
+
+in a rectangular domain `\(\Omega\)`, with `\(\epsilon<1\)` and `\(f(x)\in[-1,1]\)` (random values).
+1. Formulate Splitting of equation in system of equations.
+2. Assemble and solve the system.
+3. Vary the value `\(\epsilon\)` from 1 to `\(10^{-3}\)`. Introduce a parameter and read it from init-file. Change the mesh resolution accordingly.
+
+---
+
+# Advanced Exercise3: Error estimators
+
+1. Modify exercise 1 to allow local mesh adaption by an error estimator.
+2. Change the init-file correspondingly, i.e. add an entry for estimator and marker.
+3. Choose a residual estimator/ recovery estimator and vary the estimator parameters
+4. Vary the marking strategies and visualize the effect.
+
+---
+
+# Some hints
+
+### Used functions/classes:
+```
+// functor that returns random values in mean +- amplitude/2
+Random(mean, amplitude);
+
+EXPRESSION: eval(&amp;functor)
+```
+
+### Parameters to modify:
+```
+poisson->estimator[0]: residual / recovery
+poisson->marker[0]->strategy: 1/2/3/4
+```
+
+### References:
+- ALBERT manual, Section 1.5.2 (marker strategies)
+
+
+
+
+
+    </textarea>
+    <script src="lib/remark.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
+    <script type="text/javascript" src="../MathJax/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS_HTML"></script>
+
+    <script type="text/javascript">
+      var slideshow = remark.create({
+        ratio: "4:3",
+        highlightLanguage: "cpp"
+      });
+
+      // Setup MathJax
+      MathJax.Hub.Config({
+          tex2jax: {
+          skipTags: ['script', 'noscript', 'style', 'textarea', 'pre']
+          }
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+  </body>
+</html>
--- a/amdis-workshop_2016.0.1.pdf
+++ b/amdis-workshop_2016.0.1.pdf
--- a/boundary_conditions.html
+++ b/boundary_conditions.html
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>AMDiS - Adaptive Multi-Dimensional Simulations</title>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>
+    <style type="text/css">
+      @import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Yanone+Kaffeesatz);
+      @import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway);
+      @import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Ubuntu);
+      @import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Droid+Serif:400,700,400italic);
+      @import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Ubuntu+Mono:400,700,400italic);
+    </style>
+    <!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style_display.css" />-->
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style_print.css" />
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <textarea id="source">
+
+class: center, middle
+
+# Session 7
+## Boundary conditions and composite FEM
+
+---
+
+# Boundary regions
+
+Parts of the boundary can be identified by boundary-nr given in the macro-file
+
+<table width="100%"><tr>
+<td width="60%"><pre><code>element vertices:
+0 1 4
+1 2 4...
+element boundaries:
+0 0 1
+0 0 2
+0 0 3
+0 0 4
+vertex coordinates:
+0.0 0.0
+1.0 0.0...
+</code></pre>
+</td><td width="40%" style="text-align:center;">
+<img src="images/ellipt_macro_boundary.png" width="80%" alt="A macro mresh" />
+</td>
+</tr></table>
+
+Order of the values? i'th entry identifies the face opposite to the i'th vertex of the element.
+Nr. **0 means** *inner face*, **negative numbers** identify *periodic faces*, **positive numbers** all other.
+
+--
+
+```
+prob.addDirichletBC(boundaryNr, 0, 0, functor);
+```
+Boundary number is stored in macro-mesh and is propagated during refinement.
+
+---
+
+# Set Boundary regions manually
+
+Using an indicator function **`b:WorldVector<double> -> int`** for the face-centers
+```
+const int dim = prob.getMesh()->getDim();
+for (auto* m : prob.getMesh()->getMacroElements())
+{
+  for (int i = 0; i < dim+1; ++i) {
+    WorldVector<double> center; center.set(0.0);
+    for (int j = 0; j < dim+1; ++j) {
+      if (j == i)
+        continue;
+      center += m->getCoord(j);
+    }
+    center /= dim;
+
+    int boundaryNr = b(center);
+    if (m->getBoundary(i) != 0)
+      m->setBoundary(i, boundaryNr);
+  }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+# Set Boundary regions manually
+
+Using an element-vector
+```
+map<int, vector<int> > elementBoundaries = /*...*/;
+
+for (auto* m : prob.getMesh()->getMacroElements())
+{
+  auto const& boundaryNr = elementBoundaries[m->getIndex()];
+  for (int i = 0; i < boundaryNr.size(); ++i)
+    m->setBoundary(i, boundaryNr[i]);
+}
+```
+
+*Problem*: Macro-mesh only indentifies boundary faces, not boundary vertices directly.
+
+---
+
+# DirichletBC based on indicator function
+
+Introduce AbstractFunction wrapper
+```
+template <class ReturnType, class... ArgumentTypes>
+class LambdaFunction
+  : public AbstractFunction<ReturnType, ArgumentTypes...>
+{
+  public:
+    template <class F>
+    LambdaFunction(F&& f) : fct(std::forward<F>(f)) {}
+
+    virtual ReturnType operator()(ArgumentTypes const&... args) const override
+    {
+      return fct(args...);
+    }
+
+  private:
+    std::function<ReturnType(ArgumentTypes...)> fct;
+};
+```
+
+---
+
+# DirichletBC based on indicator function
+
+Introduce AbstractFunction wrapper
+```
+template <class ReturnType, class... ArgumentTypes>
+class LambdaFunction;
+```
+
+Specify boundary belonging / or boundary value based on coordinates:
+```
+prob.addDirichletBC(new LambdaFunction<bool, WorldVector<double>>(
+  [](WorldVector<double> const& x)
+  {
+    return x[0] < 1.e-8 || x[0] > 1.0-1.e-8;
+  }),
+  0, 0, new LambdaFunction<double, WorldVector<double>>(
+  [](WorldVector<double> const& x)
+  {
+    return std::sin(x[1]);
+  })
+);
+```
+
+--
+
+Here, `prob` must be of type `ExtendedProblemStat`.
+
+---
+
+# DirichletBC based on indicator function
+
+Introduce AbstractFunction wrapper
+```
+template <class ReturnType, class... ArgumentTypes>
+class LambdaFunction;
+```
+
+Specify boundary value based on coordinates:
+```
+prob.addDirichletBC(boundaryNr,
+  0, 0, [](WorldVector<double> const& x)
+  {
+    return std::sin(x[1]);
+  }
+);
+```
+Here, no wrapper-functor necessary and standard `ProblemStat` possible.
+
+---
+
+# Periodic boundary conditions
+
+Mesh is part of an infinite domain, with local periodic solution.
+
+.center[
+<img src="images/periodic_boundaries.png" width="90%" alt="Periodic boundaries" />
+]
+
+---
+
+# Periodic boundary conditions
+
+Identify boundary face of periodic boundaries, e.g. left-right periodic:
+
+.center[
+<img src="images/periodic_macro.png" width="80%" alt="Periodic boundaries" />
+]
+
+---
+
+# Periodic boundary conditions
+
+Identify boundary face of periodic boundaries, e.g. left-right periodic:
+
+<table width="100%"><tr>
+<td width="60%"><pre><code>element boundaries:
+-1 1 0
+ 0 0 0
+ 0 1 0
+-1 0 0 ...
+element neighbors:
+3 -1 1
+2  4 0
+1 -1 3
+0  6 2 ...
+</code></pre>
+</td><td width="40%" style="text-align:center;">
+<img src="images/periodic_macro2.png" width="80%" alt="A periodic macro mresh" />
+</td>
+</tr></table>
+
+Define element-neighbors with periodicity, value `-1` means real boundary.
+
+### Order of vertices
+At first, the refinement-edge, i.e. the longest edge, is numbered with 0, 1 in positive orientation.
+Then the other vertex.
+
+---
+
+# Periodic boundary conditions
+
+Associate periodic vertices. Written in file `xxx.per`